A Critical Analysis of the Advantages Essay Example for Free

A Critical Analysis of the Advantages Essay It is argued that urbanization causes changes in the livings conditions under which people live and work. Some of these changes are positive (advantages) while others are negative (disadvantages). The positive effects include; improving housing conditions and provision of enhanced amenities. The negative effects include; stress on amenities, congestion and urbanization of poverty (Kawonga, 1999). Therefore, this essay will briefly explain these using real and valid examples from Malawi. To begin with, provision of better amenities as an advantage of urbanization. It is said that increasing urbanization provides communities with social and cultural benefits as well as access to education and health services (Hammond, 1985). This is evident at Nkhorongo in Mzuzu near Luwinga Township. With the development of the area many services are now being located there. For example, Mzuzu Academy, Trust Academy, Good Samaritan Internet Cafe and some Tobacco grading Companies that provides jobs to the masses. Improving housing conditions is another advantage of urbanization. It is noted that urbanizations brings with it innovations in technology and modern ideas and ambitions in the people engulfed by what are said to be urban areas (UN Habitat report, 2010). To meet the demand for shelter by the ever increasing urban population, Habitat for Humanity and Malawi housing Corporation dedicates itself to building low cost but high standard houses for the less privileged urban population. For example, the Habitat for humanity houses in Luwinga Township and the Malawi Housing corporations houses in Katoto and Mchengautuba in Mzuzu. Lastly, the disadvantages of urbanization; stress on amenities is one of the disadvantages of urbanization. It is argued that in most areas the authority designs everything to serve the population of that time but due to increase in population as areas develop leads to people scramble over the few available facilities/services (UN Habitat report, 2010). The example is on power cuts and availability of tap water for few hours per day in the city of Lilongwe. The presence of large consumers of water and electricity at Kanengo put pressure on these two facilities as the providers try to regulate their quantity so as to sustain the production force of the manufacturing industries. This leaves areas around Kanengo with no electricity or water for many hours per day. Congestion of traffic and pedestrians is another disadvantage of urbanization. With the availability of valuable amenities in urban areas, people flock there to have access and benefit from them. This results in an increase in urban population which leads to congestion (Cohen, 2006). This is usually manifested during rush-hour commuting. There is an intense concentration of people in the center of urban areas during working hours. This strains transportation systems, because a large number of people and traffic must reach a small area at the same time in the morning and disperse at the same time at noon and in the evening (Rubenstein, 2005). This is more evident at Lilongwe old town, hyper junction near the game stores and Shoprite. There are longer queues of traffic and large number of pedestrians struggling to find their way out. Urbanization of poverty is another disadvantage of urbanization. It is argued that in Malawi, rapid urbanization is not associated with the commensurate of economic growth and effective redistributive measures required to alleviate poverty, but the result is increasing urban poverty whose manifestation is the slums which develop in and around the acclaimed urban areas (Kawonga, 1999). It is further argued that urbanization of poverty in Malawian urban areas is enhanced by the change in locus of poverty from rural to urban spheres. This means that as people run away from the hardships of rural areas to urban areas, they carry with them their economically challenged life and continue it in the urban areas. As a result they lead to an increase in the number of the poor living in urban areas (Gonndwe, Fang Ayenagbo, 2011). This is more evident in Lilongwe at a place known as â€Å"N’gona†. It is located in the midst of well developed areas but it is not developed itself and it harbors one of the less previliged population of Lilongwe. In conclusion, this paper has critically pointed out and briefly explained the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization in Malawi.

Bell Hooks Essays -- essays research papers

Is Education Equal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States provides our society with the undeniable right to learn. The right to higher education is not limited to the middle and upper classes; it allows the less privileged, minorities, as well as both sexes, to receive an equal education. Two arguments which present interesting views on higher education are bell hook’s “Keeping Close to Home'; and Adrienne Rich’s “What Does a Woman Need to Know?'; Hooks views higher education with a concern for the underprivileged, whereas Rich views it with a concern for women. Of the two works, I personally do not agree with Rich’s argument.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bell hooks views higher education to be a time in which we find ourselves and learn more about who we are. This concept remains difficult on the underprivileged because they do not want to be known for their background. They see themselves as less privileged, and therefore want to keep this hidden from their new society. These students face many obstacles in their lives; college presents a whole new and much larger challenge. The transition is also hard on them. They want to fit in and hide their past, but at the same time, they do not want to lose sight of their upbringings. Hooks felt that she was an outsider in college, because she herself came from an underprivileged background, while most of her peers came from privileged backgrounds. Hooks states, ̶...

Background to the drama Essay

‘A View from a Bridge’ is a play inspired by Miller’s own background, in terms of plot and context. Miller grew up in America and was the son of two immigrants. In the late 1940s he became interested in the work and lives of the communities and Longshoremen of New York’s Brooklyn Harbour, a place where he had in fact previously worked. Many of the workers were exploited by their bosses, underpaid and had only recently immigrated to the United States. It was during this time that a young lawyer friend of Miller’s ‘mentioned a story he’d recently heard of a longshoreman who had ratted to the Immigration Bureau on two brothers, his own relatives, who were living illegally in his very own home, in order to break up an engagement between one of them and his niece. ‘ Miller took this story combined with his upbringing and experiences on a recent trip to Sicily and provided the background to the drama ‘A View from a Bridge’. The play takes place in Brooklyn around 1950s. Catherine is an orphan who lives with her aunt and uncle, Beatrice and Eddie Carbone. Eddie agrees to Beatrice’s two relatives, Marco and Rodolpho, both of whom are illegal immigrants. Eddie, the plays protagonist, has a very particular view of the qualities of a man. When other characters don’t conform to these masculine expectations it leads to hostility and aggression resulting in death. Our first impression of Eddie is that of a simple, average man. He comes across as a hardworking, friendly, kind and generous husband and uncle: especially as he is prepared to accept and welcome his wife Beatrice’s illegal immigrant cousins into his own home. However Eddie has a very strong point of view of the qualities of manliness, believing that a real man should be strong, tough and mean. The appearance of a man should be with dark features and big size. He thinks that a real man should be like him, the breadwinner who works hard, doing work that uses muscle and not much brain: â€Å"I worked like a dog†. He perhaps also thinks that a man would always look at a pretty woman in a sexual way rather than just another person; this is shown when he says there are â€Å"bad men† at Catherine’s workplace. Another quality which Eddie considers to manly is power. Eddie’s views on manliness are also based around the ideas of protecting your family and loved ones, providing for your family and keeping your pride and dignity. Eddie tries his very best to keep to these things as he feels very strongly of being a man. He shows this by showing concern when Catherine buys a new skirt. He says, â€Å"Where you going all dressed up? † and, â€Å"It’s too short ain’t it? † He is concerned because he doesn’t want her attracting too much attention from other men, like when he says, â€Å"I don’t like the looks they’re giving you in the candy store†. This overprotectiveness leads to conflict on a small scale between him and Catherine as she says â€Å"Eddie, I wish there was one guy you couldn’t tell me things about! † This dialogue shows that Eddie has been overprotective before and Catherine has realized it. She does not say it seriously but rather, a joke; however she is actually trying to express that he’s being too overprotective. This power that Eddie considers to be manly also creates many other incidents on small scales and Eddie starts to show open hostility towards the other characters. Firstly when Rodolfo, Marco and Eddie are talking about oranges and lemons Eddie becomes very hostile when Rodolfo corrects him, â€Å"Lemons are green†. Eddie lashes out at Rodolfo when he corrects him about the colour of the lemon and becomes slightly aggressive â€Å"I know lemons are green for Christ’s sake†. Eddie becomes hostile and aggressive because he believes knowledge and being ‘right’, amongst other things, is where the power lies. Miller uses this to show how something as insignificant as a lemon can create hostility and aggression all because of a manly characteristic of wanting power and respect. Another example of Eddie’s pettiness is during a conversation about Marco’s family back home in Italy. Eddie tries to suggest an affair with Marco’s wife but Rodolfo again corrects him saying â€Å"it’s more strict in our town† We are able to see how Eddie is becoming aggressive through Miller’s stage directions. Eddie goes from being hostile and sarcastic â€Å"(laughing)† to aggressive â€Å"(rises, pacing up and down)† as a direct reaction to the immigrants differing culture. The stage directions often say a lot more about the characters then the actual script itself and also greatly contribute to the heightening of tension throughout. Not only do they describe the positions of the characters on set; they help the audience to identify with their feelings. Miller begins a scene with a simple conversation about a recent trip to Africa which Marco and Rodolfo had undergone through work. However, tension is still created, regardless of the triviality of the conversational subject, by Eddie, who, from a simple glance at Catherine, appears to be sceptical about whether the trip took place â€Å"They went to Africa once. On a fishing boat. (Eddie glances at her. ) It’s true, Eddie†. Eddie then retreats to his rocker, a prop which Miller makes significant throughout the play as it acts as Eddie’s position of authority, as his â€Å"throne† – when in his rocker, he feels very much at the helm of the household and Miller uses this in order to show how Eddie feels he has power yet a rocker is slightly unsuitable as it does not assume a fixed position The conversation then continues further, though it is clear from Miller’s use of stage directions that Eddie is disregarding anything Rodolfo says to him, and talking to Marco exclusively, creating an uneasy atmosphere and increasing the tension further.

The Organizational Structure Of General Electric ( Ge ) Essay

International business management A discussion of the organizational structure of General Electric (GE) Introduction GE is an American multinational conglomerate which deals in industries like aviation, oil and gas, power and water, health care and capital, to mention a few. The company has a matrix organizational structure, which is characterized by the organization of the company according to multiple metrics. In the case of GE, the structure is matrix in that it combines a functional structure and a divisional structure (Rothaermel, 2015), as illustrated by the GE organizational chart (n.d.). Noteworthy, in an increasingly integrated world, the clash of cultures in the diverse workforce is inevitable. This has given rise to various cultural analysis models such as Hofstede’s, Trompenaars’, Gudykunst’s, and GLOBE’s famous research on culture in international business. However, for simplicity and conciseness, this paper is mostly going to focus on Hofstede’s perspective. This paper therefore discusses the feasibility of the organizational structure of GE, from a cultural perspective. Discussion The current business structure of GE works for it, because at the functional level, it integrates various specialized functions such as global research, legal, and human resources into a competence which it can leverage to serve its mission of innovation in its different business units, such as aviation and energy management. Noteworthy, the slogan of GE is â€Å"imagination at work†Show MoreRelatedEssay on Organizational Structure at General Electric1130 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintain a strong foundation. A company that has managed to be successful through its well use of organization is that of General Electric Company. They have what it is called a ‘flat’ structure in which everyone becomes equal (Clawson, 2012). General Electric used to have 29 levels, but today it has only a handful of layers (Bateman Snell, 2011). 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General Electric has products and servicesRead MoreGeneral Electric Under Jack Welch1117 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Electric Under Jack Welch                   In 1980 right before Welch took the position as CEO of General Electric, GE s organizational rigid structure, resistance to change, and bureaucratic climate made it impossible to perceive important environmental changes. Furthermore, the organizational structure, decision-making process and information management procedures no longer fit the organization s needs. In 1981 Jack Welch was not considered a leading contender for GE s top job. HoweverRead MoreBusiness1501 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Electric (GE) was founded in 1892 from the merger of Thomas Edison’s Electric Light Company with the Thomas Houston Company. Their business was based upon exploiting Edison’s patents relating to electricity generation and distribution, light bulbs, and electric motors. In 2005 and 2006 GE was Fortune’s â€Å"Most Admired Company.† Now it is an advanced technology, services and finance company dedicated to innovation in energy, health, transportation and infrastructure. GE operates in more thanRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Concepts: General Electric2127 Words   |  9 PagesOrganizational Behavior Concepts: ï ¿ ½ PAGE * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½9ï ¿ ½ Organizational Behavior Concepts: General Electric William Ward Axia College MGT245 Thomas Jankowski June 1, 2008 ï ¿ ½ ï ¿ ½ Introduction Every business has a set of key characteristics or values that make up an organizational culture which is unique to its business. Organizational behavior examines the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towardRead MoreG.E. Training and Development1091 Words   |  5 PagesGE Citizenship: Training and Development Shannon Johnson/ G00075246 Training and Development Bob Anastasov 3 January 2013 Abstract GE is innovative company that builds appliances, lighting, power system, and other products that help millions of homes, offices, factories, and retail facilities around the world work better. Their training and development programs have enabled then to remain successful since the company’s founding in 1892. Founded by J. P. Morgan and Charles Coffin, G. E. hasRead MoreGeneral Electric Essay4271 Words   |  18 Pages       GENERAL   ELECTRIC             STREAM   1   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   COURSE   WORK       GROUP   - ­Ã¢â‚¬    11    AHMED   AHMED    ETTEFAGH   TAHSIN    MASHAT   MOAZ    QING   SHAN    ZHENG   DANYI    UNIVERSITà    DELLA   SVIZZERA   ITALIANA,   LUGANO   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   CORPORATE   STRATEGY   2012/2013    Corporate   strategy    Table   of   Content       1. Introduction to the General Electric Company 2. History Read MoreGe Cultural Assessment Essay2252 Words   |  10 PagesCultural Assessment of General Electric Learning Team A Human Relations and Organizational Behavior March 14, 2005 Cultural Assessment of General Electric The corporate culture of General Electric (GE) is a composite of its people, leadership, organization, structure, and processes from past to present. This paper will provide an assessment of the corporate culture of GE, and provide an insight into the dynamics, which have made it one of the world’s premier

The Purpose Of Business Process Outsourcing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2887 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Business process outsourcing is a process, which the product or services is provided by a company, for the support of achieve the goal of main business in another firm, such a way that the process is economically efficient and effectively protect the quality and the cost. That can be divided into two categories. Those are; 1. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Purpose Of Business Process Outsourcing" essay for you Create order In -shore outsourcing 2. Offshore outsourcing In-shore outsourcing This is an outsourcing process, which produce service or goods for the company by different manufactures in different locations within the same country. As an example, vehicle bearings for the Toyota Company are producing by Koyo bearing Company. Both the companies are situated in Japan. However, Toyota specialized in vehicle manufacturing not in bearing manufacturing and Koyo specialized in bearing production and designing. Both the companies are getting benefit from producing exceptional ultimate product at competitive price. Airline industry is also one of the best examples for this. They sell travel tickets for some destinations, which they do not fly. As an example, British Airways normally do not fly to Sri Lanka, as it is not a profitable destination for them. However, they sell tickets to Sri Lankan destinations link with the Cathy Pacific airways. By doing this they do satisfy the customer and at the same time they are making the profit. In this business process, both British Airways and Cathy Pacific get win-win situation and reciprocally beneficial the business culture. Offshore outsourcing Simplest meaning of the offshore is Any country other than your own country. In offshore outsourcing companies in developed countries export, IT related work from developing countries, which are politically stabilized, and has the lower labour cost. This type of outsourcing has become a reality because of the globalization. Nowadays most of the organizations are using offshore outsourcing as a weapon to compete with their competitors. Competition among the business firms are growing rapidly day-by-day and therefore reducing the cost of the products and services and improving the efficiency makes the organisations to satisfy their customers and remain strong in the business environment. At the same time, host country is benefited from this, as they do not want to spend huge sum of money in training staff and motivation staff. In short, they can cut the high level of labour cost. On the other hand, offshore outsourcing helps organizations to give more attention on their core process such as, merges acquisitions, sales, business expansions and quality of the products. When the firms are having enough resources and time, they can achieve their targets without putting much effort on it. Offshore outsourcing has become a necessity of the banking sector within Asia and Gulf region. Software outsourcing and call centres have become more popular during the last decade. Ever since the term offshore outsourcing has come into the topic, it shows the continuous growth in both value and volume. Call Centres and its effect to the host country Call centres are essential components of many large businesses. While some firms choose to create internal call centres, many now purchase call centre support services from other firms. In a typical outsourcing arrangement, a firm (the client) hires a call centre specialist (the vendor) to provide sufficient technology and staff to serve the clients customers. The client specifies the quality of service and the financial terms in a detailed contract, which may include queuing performance criteria (e.g. 80% of callers wait less than 20 sec.), customer satisfaction requirements(as measured by surveys or observed by monitoring calls), and financial rewards and penalties. Motivated by contracts used by one large vendor, then how the terms of real world call centre outsourcing contracts affect the capacity investment decisions of the vendor as well as the financial performance of the client, vendor, and the system as a whole. Global business environment is very competitive and volati le. Business organisations cannot be survived without reducing the cost of product or service. Because of that reason, it is natural that, most of the business organizations are tend to minimise the cost and do optimization of the resource allocations. World of business is consists of many large as well as medium and small scale of business firms. All the industries are looking forward to grow faster with the reduction of the cost. In order to done the quality work by the low cost of them are using off shore outsourcing centres. However, not only the costs but also there are many other factors, which have the influence of becoming this concept a more popular. The major reasons for the outsourcing of low cost locations can be explained as follows. The main reason is it reduces the production cost of goods and services. Second one is, it can be increase the capacity of the production, by putting the same effort because it can be high benefit within the own company. However, outsour cing can produce more products with lower cost. This means using same cost, we can produce more products. Third one is it is low risk and low investment for the launching of new product or developing existing product. The other reason is that, it helps to expand the business without encumber of high investment or less cost of capital. It can create the dominant in the market with competitive prices and regardless of the high price pressure and without gaining heavy losses. Off shore locations are the most common business process outsourcing (commonly known as BPO) practice in most business organizations situated in the developed countries like United States, European Economic Countries (EEC), Canada and Japan. Their call centres are located in most developing countries like Maxico, India, China and Thailand. According to one of the examples published in the industry magazine, an American business firms could be save up to ten percent by attending to the domestic US Spanish-spe aking market, it outsourcing its call centres to Latin American countries like Mexico instead of inside the United States. On the other hand, it could be save up to twenty percent to forty Percent if its situated in India, Philippines and South Africa. (Call Centre Magazine 2009 Sept). Because of this reason, most business organizations tend to locate their call centres in off shore countries. Average Annual Salaries of Call Centre Operator According to the data which have been gathered from the Gartner in the year 2007 (Gartner is one of the largest Information Technology research and analysis firms in the United States) most of the information technology related business organizations will either be investigating the possibility to outsourcing their part of business or have already outsourced some work overseas through call centres. It is nearly 60% of the whole information technology business in the United States alone. HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Corporation Limited) call centres get time difference advantage for their customers. HSBC is facilitated their banking service to all the customers in 24 hours in 365 days. Their calling centres situated in low cost locations like India, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Poland, Peru, Egypt and Mexico. HSBC can provide exceptional banking service all the time in all over the world. As an example in London customer wants to transfer money to another account or any banking ser vice at early morning five a clock it can operate from the call centre in Sri Lanka. The call automatically connects to the appropriate call centre and for doing customer request within short time. Using this kind of service business organizations can provide better customer service and customer satisfaction while spending less money and improving the image of the business. By providing the best service at all the time throughout the year more number of customers will attract towards the company and at the same time existing customers will not go for any alternatives as they are happy with the service they are getting. Most of the business organizations tend to formulate strategic outsourcing plans to assessing the relative and risks of making or buying, companies can leverage their skills and resources for increased profitability. By making strategic plans, organizations are willing to make use of their resources to have better rewards. According to the James Brian et. al The re are two main strategies of outsourcing approaches can be seen in the present business environment. When properly combined those, allow managers to leverage their companies skills and resources well beyond levels available with other strategies: Concentrate the firms own resources on a set of core competencies where it can achieve definable pre eminence and provide unique value for customers Strategically outsource other activities including many traditionally considered integral to any company for which the firm has neither a critical strategic need nor special capabilities. As an example, two different Australian and United States companies can be illustrated in this point of view: Nike, Inc. is the largest supplier of athletic shoes in the world and it outsourcers 100 percent of its shoe production and manufactures only key technical components of its Nike Air system. Athletic footwear is technology- and fashion-intensive, requiring high flexibility at both the pr oduction and marketing levels. Nike creates maximum value by concentrating on pre production (research and development) and post-production activities (marketing, distribution, and sales), linked together by perhaps the best marketing information system in the industry. Using a carefully developed, on-site expatriate program to coordinate its foreign-based suppliers, Nike even outsourced the advertising component of its marketing program to Wieden Kennedy, whose creative efforts drove Nike to the top of the product recognition scale. Nike grew at a compounded 2O percent growth rate and earned a 31 percent ROE for its shareholders through most of the past decade. Knowing it could not be the best at making chips, boxes, monitors, cables, keyboards, and the like for its explosively successful Apple II, Apple Computer outsourced 70 percent of its manufacturing costs and components. Instead of building internal bureaucracies where it had no unique skills, Apple outsourced critical it ems like design (to Frog design), printers (to Tokyo Electric) and even key elements of marketing (to Regis McKenna, which achieved a $100 million image for Apple when it had only a few employees and about $1 million to spend). Apple focused its internal resources on its own Apple DOS (Disk Operating System) and the supporting macro software to give Apple products their unique look and feel. Its open architecture policy stimulated independent developers to write the much-needed software that gave the Apple IIs customers uniquely high functionality. Apple thus avoided unnecessary investments, benefited from its vendors RD and technical expertise kept itself flexible to adopt new technologies as they became available, and leveraged its limited capital resources to a huge extent. Operating with an extremely flat organization, Apple enjoyed three times the capital turnover and the highest market value versus fixed investment ratio among major computer producers throughout the 1980s. The call centres are the foreign direct investment (FDI) of the host country. It is very interested study effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the empirical literature on host country. Multinationals are larger and strong financial and tactical organisations, which have the capable of conducting more research and development, use advanced technology, and maintain higher standard and the pay higher wages than the domestic country. When the call centres establish in the host country, automatically all these benefits transfer to them. For an instance, Vodaphone is one of the largest multinational mobile telecommunication companies. It is the second largest mobile company in the UK but their customer care call centres located in India and other developing countries. They had done off shore outsourcing with their customer care call centres. The host country India gets many benefits. As they can reduce the unemployment and increase, the Per capita income and Gross Domestic Produc t (GDP) and they can increase the aggregate productivity even without spending a single penny. These call centres buy equipment, and accessories from the domestic market. It indirectly increases the production of local companies. The host country employees receive advanced training and career development programme in international level. These are prominent advantages, which robotically gain from the mother company. Even though host country receives these benefits, sometime a risk of job loss in acquisitions of existing local call centres by new foreign company is there. Sometimes business activities of these call centres can be affect the performance of the domestic business organizations. After considering a result of a survey, GÃÆ'Â ¶rg and Greenaway (2004) concluded that, However, the direct effect which foreign entry has of bringing about a change in the composition of firms in the host country is less studied. As foreign firms tend to be larger and more productive than domes tic firms In the process of offshore outsourcing both business organizations obtain remarkable benefit which one organization achieve cheap labour cost, skilled labour and quality product than the produce in their own country. On the other hand, host country gain employment, foreign exchange and technology. Most of the multinational business organization establishes their call centres in offshore locations shows remarkable less absenteeism and employee turnover than in the own country. Because of these reason most of the multinational companies in the United Kingdom, United States and European countries, do not have to worry about retaining their employees by paying very high salaries, attractive incentives and lucrative benefit packages. And even if the salaries are higher than the standard rate of the local country it is much lower than the United kingdom, United States and European countries, because of this reason most of the larger organizations tend to outsourcing their ser vice to increase the profit margin through the downsizing the cost. On the other hand, it can obtained benefit of different languages speaking environment. As an example most telecommunication companies in the United Kingdom, call centres are placed in India. Their customers, who cannot speak English properly, can speak their own Indian language. This is beneficial for the both customer satisfaction and the business point of view. In other example according to the Dave article on The outsourcing Low cost line shows some project not receive, expected benefit from the project and it take more time and the cost than shown in original project report. Meanwhile the article of Grog Hogler and Aoife Hanley in economic and Social Review journal says that the remarkable increase of profit can be shown in production industry. However, some disadvantages and negative effects can also see in the business process outsourcing. Those are common in global business environment. As there can be some disadvantages many countries, make political agreement to prevent business organization and their customers. One of the main barriers in outsourcing in low cost locations is that, difficulty of time correction or spot correction. At the same time, delivery time and payments also can be a problem. In addition to that, if it is off shore outsourcing it can be undergoes to import tax and regulations, cultural difference and business ethics and at the same time, the time difference and the logistical complications should be expected. The second example is the telemarketing doing by using the call centres. Most of the multinational food and perfume companies are doing their promotions, marketing and selling by using call centres. Some of the companies have their own satellite to improve communication effectively, efficiently and cheaply between them and their customers. For an example super market, giant Wall Mart has their own satellite to operate better communication between t hem and their customers. This plays negative impact to the host country or domestic business firms, multinational business organisations can sell their product very low price while cannot compete the domestic firms. Because of these reason local business organizations cannot be survive and the local business may be suffer from the international call centres. Conclusion Production of goods and the hiring the service from the low cost locations has become an important source of investment and development in many emerging economies. At the same time, most of the multinational and medium scale companies have already paid their attention to use of their services from low cost off shore outsourcing. There is a sharp increscent in establishing offshore call centres throughout the world in last few years. Especially in developing countries like, India and Sri Lanka as they do have very cheap labour cost. (Not only the labour cost is low but also in these countries, they do have skilful, unemployed people those who are willing to work these kinds of call centres.)According to the Tomiura Eiichi, most of the companies are getting benefits from the lower cost and the exceptional product performance. However, according to Holger GÃÆ'Â ¶rg, all of the off shoring outsourcers activities not acquiesce the predictable results. Then the choice of where to lo cate offshore facilities is an important and complex one that has substantial implication for both the investing firm and the host country. The multinational companies select their host country using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). According to the research done by Amiti, Mary and Shang-Jin Wei, they found that India, China, Pakistan, Slovakia, Mexico, Ireland, Netherland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom are attractive locations for services outsourcing. These countries use their resources or input most efficiently in order to produce output that makes them attractive for service out sourcing. Most of these host counties have at least one core-efficiency for creating core competency among the key inputs of wages, education and infrastructure. Word count 2935

Auto Repair Of A Family Owned Small Business Essay

A family-owned small business is defined as, â€Å"a corporation that is entirely owned by the members of a single family.† (IFC, 2016) For a family-owned business to succeed it, must establish and maintain the following attributes, the family’s commitment and ability to carry on the business, the ownership structure, meaning having enough capital to grow and having the most capable individuals in the right positions to run the business. It must have a strong governance of the company and a dynamic portfolio to allow for further growth. In addition, wealth management is key in maintaining the businesses current wealth and securing it for future generations, which leads to either creating or engaging with foundations to help promote the family values from generation to generation. (Casper, Dias, Elstrodt 2010) I chose to examine the auto repair business, as my husband owns an auto repair and resale shop, therefore I am more familiar with this industry of family-ow ned businesses than other types of family-owned businesses. The auto repair business has been around for many years and is not about to go anywhere, anytime soon. The target market is anyone with a car. Cars are required to be maintained and repaired in order for them to run. Most American’s rely on their vehicles to get them to work, to school, and so on. According to, Sageworks, people are holding on to their cars longer and â€Å"more people who do not own cars are in the market to become car owners.†Show MoreRelatedDesigning A System Design For An Automobile Repair Business1371 Words   |  6 Pages Our team, the Purple Pirates, is a team composed of 5 people. We have selected to put together the design for a service order and invoicing application for an auto repair business. 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Drug And Alcohol Use By Student Athletes Essay Example For Students

Drug And Alcohol Use By Student Athletes Essay The topic that I have chosen is student athletes use of drugs and alcohol. Im interested to see if the old theory that student athletes tend to stay away from these things still holds true today. From my own personal experience as a former high school and college football player, I doubt that this is true. Id also like to find some studies that may compare student athletes to the general student body to see if there is a correlation of usage between these two groups. With the many stories of athletes being arrested for alcohol and drug abuse, I feel this information may be helpful in setting up a drug prevention program at the high school or middle school level. Carr et al. (1990) looked at the frequency of alcohol use, intoxication, and attitudes concerning adolescent alcohol abuse. They found that male high school athletes both use and abuse alcohol more frequently than do non-athletes. Also male non-athletes tend to abstain from alcohol use more than the athletes do. They found no difference in the frequency of use or abuse of alcohol by female athletes and non-athletes. There was also no difference in the frequency of alcohol consumption between male and female athletes. But three fourths of the male athletes reported getting intoxicated when consuming alcohol compared to half of the female athletes. The study by Tricker and Connolly (1997) examined the attitudes of athletes who were at risk for using steroids, amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana. They found that seventeen percent of the athletes surveyed felt that marijuana use was an acceptable way to cope with the pressures of sport. Also the main reason for athletes abstaining from drug use was their fear of getting caught, rather than personal health risks. Another big influence of athletes using or not using drugs was peer pressure from teammates. Shields (1998) study looked at the in-season and off-season use of alcohol by high school athletes and also compared it to a similar study done w/ the same population in 1988. Overall, athletes are using alcohol less both in and off-season in the current study compared to 1988. Also they used less alcohol during their in-season than off-season. It was found that white athletes are 2.5 times more likely to use alcohol both in and off-season compared to black athletes. Hayes and Tevis (1977) looked for significant differences or relationships between high school athletes and non-athletes with respect to drinking behaviors and attitudes about alcohol use and abuse. They found non-athletes used alcohol more and were more tolerant of others using it compared to athletes. Overall, males had a more tolerant attitude than females toward temperate and irresponsible use of alcohol. There seemed to be a correlation between attitudes of irresponsible drinking and who drinks the most, being the more they drank the more tolerant their attitudes were. Overman and Terry (1991) compared the patterns of use and attitudes toward alcohol by college athletes and non-athletes. There was no significant difference between the drinking behaviors of athletes and non-athletes, though athletes did report drinking more beer. Athletes tended to limit drinking to weekends and special occasions, and seemed to think of it more as a celebration. Differences in drinking behaviors were found between black and white students with regards to choice of drink, frequency of drinking, problems caused by drinking. Ewing (1998) wanted to see if high school students who participated in athletics and a different pattern of marijuana use compared to non-athletes. He found male athletes are more likely to try marijuana and have used it more than their non-athlete counterparts. Female athletes are the opposite in that they use marijuana less than non-athletic females. But female athletes are more likely than non-athletes to wait until post-high school before trying it for the first time. Green et al. (1995) researched if there were psychological factors associated with alcohol use or non-use by high school athletes. They found that anger was a significant difference between athletes who use alcohol and those who dont. There were no other significant psychological differences found. The three main reasons athletes gave for drinking were to have a good time with friends, to celebrate, and to make one feel good. Tricker et al. (1989) looked at why college athletes are at risk for drug abuse and effecti ve drug prevention programs. They felt that drug prevention programs should try to improve the overall health of the student athlete along with deterring drug use. Also the drug education process should include more than just giving information and threatening athletes with negative consequences of drug use. Its been found that using sanctions and rules as a deterrent only influences a small number of athletes while the majority continue their drug use patterns. .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .postImageUrl , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:hover , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:visited , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:active { border:0!important; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:active , .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0cab6d560b85027039f1753529c2d6c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Retired Volunteers EssayLeichliter et al. (1998) compared alcohol use, binge drinking, and substance abuse related consequences among non-athletes and athletes (including intramural athletics). Male and female athletes consumed significantly more alcohol per week, engaged in binge drinking more often, and suffered more adverse consequences from their substance abuse. Team leaders were found to be no more responsible in using alcohol compared to their teammates. In fact male captains drank more alcohol, binged more often, and suffered more consequences than their team members. Evans et al. (1992) investigated possible psychological factors associated with drug use by college athletes and compared athlete drug users to non-users. They found high alcohol users had significantly higher score on anger, fatigue, and vigor tests. When compared to females in the high use group for alcohol, those in the low/no use group felt more pressure from coaches to perform well. Overall, high alcohol users had higher self-esteem score than did low/no alcohol users. I felt that all of the research was beneficial to finding what the rate of drug and alcohol use is among student athletes. I also found that many of the articles had suggestions for improving drug and alcohol prevention programs, though most of these ideas were not very specific as to how to implement a program. I think this will be helpful to me when I become a guidance counselor and have to deal with these problems on a daily basis. Sports and Games